Reading Instruction Competence Assessment (RICA) Practice Test

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Which of the following is NOT one of the concepts about print?

  1. Directionality of English and tracking print

  2. Phoneme segmentation

  3. Sentence, word, and letter representation

  4. The relationship between spoken and written English

The correct answer is: Phoneme segmentation

Phoneme segmentation, which involves breaking down spoken words into their individual sounds, is a skill related to phonemic awareness rather than a concept about print. Concepts about print refer specifically to understanding the physical and structural features of written language. This includes recognizing the direction in which text is read—as is the case with directionality and tracking print—as well as understanding how sentences are organized, identifying words and letters, and appreciating the relationship between spoken language and its written form. Phonemic awareness, while a crucial component of literacy, focuses specifically on auditory skills rather than print concepts. Thus, it does not belong in the category of concepts about print.